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Role for bioremediation Essay Chapter 1 Which one of the following is not a role for bioremediation? Curing infectious diseases All of the following are examples of new emerging infectious diseases except Chickenpox Normal microbiota: Beneficial microbial inhabitants of the body Golden Age of Microbiology: Rapid discovery of basic microbiology principles Re-emerging diseases: Once controlled by preventative public health measures they are now on the rise Prions: Resistant to the usual sterilization procedures for pathogens Spontaneous generation: The converse of biogenesis Acellular infectious agent: Chemical composition includes RNA or DNA In the scientific name Bacillus anthracis, the term Bacillus is the genus name include the agents responsible for stomach ulcers and plague: Bacteria are prokaryotes: Bacteria impart distinctive flavors in foods such as yogurt and cheese: Bacteria are obligate intracellular parasites: Viruses have a protein coat that surrounds the genetic information: Viruses include molds and yeasts: Fungi contain the protozoa and algae: Protists derive their energy from degrading organic materials: Fungi are the most metabolically diverse group: Bacteria Which one of the following sequences exhibits increasing size? Viruses to bacteria to protozoa Which one of the following would be consistent with the idea of spontaneous generation? Sick people give rise to microorganisms in their body Chapter 3 The gram stain technique is valuable in distinguishing: different types of bacteria One of the below is wrong permit eukaryotic motility: Flagella are involved in group translocation: Chromosomes Contain components of the electron transport chain for ATP generation: Plasma Membranes may have peritrichous or polar arrangements: Flagella are linear rods contained within a nucleus: Chromosomes replication is followed by binary fission: Chromosomes are closed circular single molecues: Chromosomes are used for chemotaxis: Flagella involved with signal sequences in secretion: Plasma Membranes Nucleoid: Stores essential genetic information Glycocalyx: Prevents phagocytosis; attachment Plasmid: Contains a few genes; not essential for cell -Metachromatic granules: Site of nutrient accumulation in cell Fimbriae: Short straight hair-like fibers -Gram (-) cell wall: Rigid outer boundary A bacterial arrangement called a sarcina has which of the following morphological shapes? Spheres in packets of eight All of the following characteristics apply to the prokaryotes except they reproduce by mitosis Chapter 4 A differential medium is one that  distinguishes colonies of one type of bacterium from those of another type Which of the following conditions are most likely to affect the growth of bacteria? temperature, oxygen, and pH At what point in the bacterial growth curve are bacteria the most vulnerable to antibiotics log phase Which of the following methods of measuring population growth is a direct count standard plate count using a dilution series Faculative bacteria are those that  grow in the presence of absence of oxygen Most of the human pathogens are: mesophiles  10. 0001 out of 11 points Mesophiles: this group has most of the the pathogens as they grow at body temperature Halophile: would grow on selective media containing relatively high levels of salt Alkaphile: they can tolerate a pH above 8.5 Psychrotroph: can be found growing in the human stomach Anaerobe: they do not or cannot use oxygen Hyperthermophile: these have been found in seawater from hot water volcanic vents Microaerophile: they survive in environments where O2 concentration is relatively low but are inhibited by high O2 levels Obligate aerobe: this group requires oxygen for metabolism, just like humans Acidophile: can be found growing in the human stomach Facultative Anaerobe: they grow best in the presence of oxygen but can grow in the absence of oxygen Barophile: they are able to live at the bottom of the ocean -The interval of time between successive binary fissions of a cell or population of cells is known as the: generation time -Psychrophiles and thermophiles differ with respect to their best temperature for growth A soil sample is added to a culture medium that has been designed to promote the growth of the genus Pseudomonas while inhibiting the growth of fungi. This test uses a: selective medium Chapter 5 Low temperature is:  bacteriostatic Heavy metals generally kill microorganisms by  reacting with protein sulfhydryl groups to disrupt function Chlorhexidine is a biguanide used to  wash hands and clean wounds superficially The chemical counterpart of the autoclave uses  ethylene oxide with an inert gas HEPA filters are used to filter which one of the following? Air Ultraviolet light is valuable for reducing the microbial population in the air of a hospital room Of the following, the most efficient method for sterilization of a bacteriological transfer loop is the direct flame Triclosan destroys bacteria by  disrupting cell membranes Which one of the following elements would be classified as a halogen Chlorine Moist heat kills microorganisms by  denaturation A substance that has been pasteurized  is not considered sterile 5 out of 8 points Autoclave: Vegetative microorganisms, and endospores Direct Flame: Vegetative microorganisms, and endospores Boiling water for 10 minutes: Vegetative microorganisms, not endospores Hot air oven for 2 hours at 160 degrees Celcius: Vegetative microorganisms, and endospores Pasteurization: Pathogenic microorganisms, not endospores Gamma radiation: Vegetative microorganisms, not endospores Filtration: Pathogenic microorganisms, not endospores Ultra-high-temperature (UHT) processing: Vegetative microorganisms, not endospores When food has been salted  water diffuses out of microorganisms causing them to shrivel Chapter 6 The Krebs cycle accounts for all the following except  production of pyruvate from glucose Heat is useful in the destruction of bacteria because heat denatures enzymes by altering their tertiary structures 10.99956 out of 13 points yields pyruvate for use in the TCA cycle: Glycolysis requires cytochromes for electron transport: Oxidative phosphorylation requires electrons eventually be passed to NADPH: Photosynthesis Requires energy from light to take place: Photosynthesis ends with acceptance of electrons by oxygen atoms: Oxidative phosphorylation starts with the oxidation of NADH: TCA Cycle requires an investment of 2 ATPs: Glycolysis uses chlorophyll as the pigment in the cyanobacteria: Photosynthesis results in the formation of water: Photosynthesis is essentially the opposite of aerobic respiration: Photosynthesis begins with a glucose molecule: Glycolysis results in the net gain of 2 ATPs: Glycolysis generates two carbon dioxide molecules per turn: TCA Cycle Which one of the following does not involve a phosphorylation reaction? The hydrolysis of ATP Which of the following states is the most correct for enzyme reactions Enzymes are specific for only one reaction, generally in one direction All of the following apply to the process of anabolism except the process is exergonic You are studying an obligate anaerobe. Which one of the following pathways can you be assured is occurring? Glycolysis A bacterium that uses glucose as an energy source has been isolated from an anaerobic environment. After the growth of the bacterium, the pH of the growth medium is measured and found to be very acidic. When analyzed, the medium is found to have a high concentration of lactic acid. This bacterium is most likely metabolizing by a process known as fermentation