Stem Cell Research Is It Humane - 1686 Words

Michelle Carter Mrs. Williamson AP Lang- Orange 2 25 February 2015 Stem-Cell Research--Is it humane? The studying of stem cells is a very controversial issue that has been around since 1998 when the research of the use of embryonic stem cell treatment began. The main issues surrounding the discussion of treating people with life-altering disabilities through the use of these pluripotent cells is the ethicality of the matter and whether or not it is a savage act against a fetus. Many who oppose the use of these stem cells derived from excess embryos use the formerly stated opinion to support their argument, while those who are pro research argue that the destroying of one life could save another. The core complications that arise in studying stem cells lies in many Christian-like ethics and morals, otherwise called Christian bioethics. These are rooted in the modern day controversies arising due to advancements made in biology and medicine, mixed with religious views that argue against it. The conflicting interests of the polar oppos ites which are scientists and those with religious views have caused many complications along the way to discovering new treatments and cures for diseased cells. This bumpy road which has refrained scientists from making tremendous breakthroughs must smooth itself out, and the only way possible is through coming to an agreement that certain stem cell research should be practiced, such as the IPSC and adult stem cells, and others like theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Stem Cell Research: Should it be Permitted?868 Words   |  4 PagesStem cell related diseases affect over 100 million americans (White). Right now, there are plenty of government funds for stem cell research, and if we continue on the same path as we are now, stem cell research should be successful; however, the ethics used for embryonic stem cell research are incomprehensibly horrific (Stem cell policy). If this continues to be funded, it could have answers to numerous major diseases, including why they are caused, preven tion, and cures for the diseases. MoreRead MoreEmbryonic Of Stem Cell Research Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cell Research Francois Rabelais, the famous Renaissance humanist, once said, â€Å"Science without conscience is the death of the soul† (Rabelais, Francois). Since the late 1960’s, this has been the stance for opponents of embryonic stem cell research. This is saying, if we are willing to take a fertilized embryo and kill it before it has even had time to develop, where is our conscience, our heart? We consider this form of stem cell research to be immoral and unethical. ScientistsRead MoreStem Cell Research Controversy Essay681 Words   |  3 Pagesover stem cell research’s use in the medical field is almost two decades old. So why the sudden intense return of fierce political debates over an old issue? It’s because President Obama recently revoked the ban on stem cell research, as he believes it holds the potential to revolutionize the medical industry in the years to come. As USA Today quoted him saying in March, after he stopped restricting federal fun ding for stem cell research, At this moment, the full promise of stem cell research remainsRead MoreEssay about Human Embryo Research 1019 Words   |  5 Pagesequal. The same law should be enforced concerning human embryonic stem cell research. Dr. James A. Thomson discovered stem cells in 1998 and they’ve intrigued scientist ever since. The stem cells themselves are derived from a three to four day old cluster of cells called a blastocyst and they are so coveted because they are pluripotent, meaning they can differentiate into any type of cell in the human body. Although embryonic stem cells show amazing potential to cure various disease such as cancerRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cell Research1196 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversy over the topic of stem cell research. It seems to be that the main controversy when it comes to the topic of stem cell research is an ethical debate, and because of this it seems that the side opposing stem cell research always wins due to th eir use of pathos when it comes to their argument. I personally do not side with those against the idea of stem cell research because I believe that the pros outweigh the cons when you break it down this way. Stem cell research could be the gateway to findingRead MoreThe Issue Of Stem Cell Research1240 Words   |  5 Pageswith the proper research into stem cells to treat injury or disease. However, the procedures followed for the research of stem cells have stirred up a hefty amount of controversy in the past and the present. Stem Cell research has been argued to be an ethical choice due to its possibilities for simplified treatments in the future, yet it is controversial due to the destruction of embryos, and the undecided moral status of the embryo, which is why scientists should do their research with non-embryonicRead MoreEmbryonic Stem Cells : Research Worth Pursuing1201 Words   |  5 PagesVogan Research Paper 24 February 2015 Embryonic Stem Cells: Research worth Pursuing â€Å"Embryonic stem cell research will prolong life, improve life, and give hope for life to millions of people,† said politician Jim Ramstad. This is a very powerful statement, and a very accurate statement. The solution to curing many diseases is just around the corner because of the advancements in embryonic stem cell research. The much needed support of society can speed up the progression of this research so livesRead MoreHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research1625 Words   |  7 PagesProduction and the Scientific and Therapeutic Use of Human Embryonic Stem Cells, the Pontifical Academy for Life presents the field of stem cell research with a statement regarding the official Roman Catholic position on the moral aspects of acquiring and using human embryonic stem cells.  They have declared that it is not morally legitimate to produce or use human embryos as a source of stem cells, nor is it acceptable to use stem cells from cell lines already established. Thus, bringing u p the conflictingRead MoreShould Human Cloning Be Pursued? Essay810 Words   |  4 Pagesexact replica of someone. A type of cloning that occurs naturally is when identical twins are born (â€Å"What Is Cloning?†). Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a type of cloning that has to be done in a lab. In SCNT they take the nucleolus out of an egg cell, replace it with the nucleolus of a somatic cell (body cell with two complete sets of chromosomes), and make the egg cell divide into a blastocyst (â€Å"What Is Cloning?†). There are two main controversial types of cloning that come from SCNT whichRead MoreAnimal Testing And Its Effects On Human Health1146 Words   |  5 Pagesactivities are necessary to progress in medical research, in reality it does very little to improve human health and development. For decades, drug and chemical safety assessments have been based on laboratory experimentations involving rabbits, dogs, rodents, and other animals. Consequently, nine out of ten drugs proven safe and effective in animals fail when given to humans. Animal testing is unreliable and unnecessary and there are more effective research methods out there that do not come at the

Christmas Celebration Free Essays

Christmas Celebration Many people celebrate Christmas but don’t believe in God or Jesus. It’s a holiday that many people will celebrate together by giving each other gifts and spent time with family. The day of Christmas is the birth of Jesus Christ. We will write a custom essay sample on Christmas Celebration or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is usually celebrated on December 25 each year. Many people around the world will usually celebrate it. It’s a time for family and friends to come together to celebrate a time of joy and love. People also think that on the day of Christmas it should be a day of peace around the world. Little kids will be exited on the day of Christmas because they often get many gifts or present from their friends and family. Many of them will also believe in Santa Claus. On the night before Christmas, kids will prepare a list or a letter to Santa telling him what they wish for. They will also have some cookies and drink on the table for him to eat. Kids have been told that if they are bad and naughty then they will get coal. But if they are nice then they will get gifts. In their mind Santa Claus is dressed wearing a red coat with white collar, a Santa hat, black boots and leather belt with white bearded. They believe that on that night which is called Christmas Eve, Santa Claus will deliver presents with a sleigh and many reindeer to the well behaved children’s. He will come through the chimney on the roof. Then slide down and walk through the fire place. Then on the morning day of Christmas kids will wake up and presents will be under the Christmas tree. Some kids don’t believe in Santa Clause because they think it’s not real. They might have found out and knows about it. Some kids might be bad and never really got presents. It could also be when they were a kids their family never told them about how Santa Claus exist and how they deliver gifts. They think it is their parents the one who got the present to them and pretend to be Santa. Even though some kids know it’s not true but they still pretend to believe in it. They could be happy from writing the letter to Santa and waking up next morning seeing the presents. It really depends on themselves if they believe it or not. Maybe as they grew older and found out it is their parents then they might be sad and disappointed. I once believed in Santa Claus as a kid because I got present the next day I woke up from every Christmas. But then later on as I grew older I kind of know it was my aunt the one who gave me the presents. I remembered that as a kid before I know the truth it was fun on Christmas Eve because I went to sleep early and the next day I woke up with presents. And once I don’t believe in it then every Christmas there wasn’t gift to me from Santa Claus. I just got gifts from friends and family. This belief can be something going on till today. If each family has children then they can be the one telling them about Santa Claus and make them believe into it. Different culture can celebrate Christmas in their way but it’s quite the same. With a Christmas tree and giving gifts. Santa Claus is always the same look. Mostly every country in the world will celebrate Christmas. Some of them celebrate early in December and others celebrate early in January. On December 24 the day or night before Christmas which is Christmas Eve is a night where they prepare things. I think Christmas has a beautiful decoration. Mostly if Christmas is celebrated then they would also have a Christmas tree. The Christmas tree will have lights and ornament. The house itself might as well be decorated. Some people will decorate their yards with Christmas figure. And at night it looks nice when it is dark and those Christmas decoration has lights. How to cite Christmas Celebration, Papers

Journal Advanced Technology Manufacturing -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Advanced Technology Manufacturing? Answer: Introduction: The resource manager of the Parcel Post Company has been planning to provide more visibility to the clients as per as the position of the clients. Currently, the parcels ate getting sorted automatically at the depot and placed in the containers loaded onto the trucks. These containers are tagged with the RFID Tags. The following report defines the project scopes and establishes the project priorities. It has developed the Work Breakdown Structure and the Risk Breakdown Structures. Then the identified risks are prioritized. Lastly, a proper risk treatment is proposed. The project scope: The various scopes are discussed in this section. The main objectives are to integrate the RFID technology at the distribution and the storage network for achieving the product storage and handling systematically. The maximizing the data accuracy of the movement of the product and decreasing the relevant management risks are to be determined. Lastly, the project intends t achieve the real-time monitoring of the distribution and the excellent control of the quality of the product under the distribution network. The RFID tag must be attached to the case and not on every item. The products should raise the expense highly without any bringing of any simple financial impact. The domestic consumers would not get any advantages since the tag would never help every one of them. The embedded RFID tag in the packaging of the product could never be recollected in order to recycle. Moreover, the ROI or the return of Investment has been very low. The first phase must include the RFID business analysis. Then there should be the technical assessment and pilot. Then there must be the integration analysis and alt last there are the delivery and the promotion phases. Apart from all this, the support from the top management has been required strictly. The stakeholders must be convinced with some of the benefits discussed below that are achieved over the suggested investment. The following table illustrates the various aspects of the project scopes to be considered. Cost (Working on Capital Reduction) The adoption on the RFID would enable the lesser man-hour over the quality inspections. It should prevent the manual recording of data reducing the cost of human capital at every warehouse. Revenue (Profit Increase) There is the reduction of the labor costs for long terms in the warehouses and stores. There is the decrease in the inventory with the more effective information management. Moreover here lies the decrease in shipping loss and the inventory loss because of the duplicate order, shortage, damage wrong routing and much more. Improve efficiency The assent visibility is developed leading to the rise in asset usage and the efficiency of the working capital. Improved service and product quality The manufacturers must locate and recall the faulty products very fast before they reach the customers. Regulatory and legal requirements The controlling of temperature assures the quality and safety ensuring the longevity of the food products. Improve customer satisfaction The more efficient information management of the stock level should help the sales to make the required business decision. This must help in assisting the customers on inquiry and orders. Increase visibility The real-time data could be achieved for fast management decision like sorting, routing and recalls. Improve collaboration The rise in inventory accuracy the proper demand planning must be assisted and the inventory cost must be reduced. Apart from all this, the timeline is to be decided. For formulating the budget needed for the project, all the resources needed are to be listed out. Research is to be conducted on the expenses from the online sources. The Work Breakdown Structure: WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish 0 The Phases of project management at the Parcel Post Company 45 days Thu 6/1/17 Wed 8/2/17 1 RFID business analysis 3 days Thu 6/1/17 Mon 6/5/17 2 The technical assessment and pilot 9 days Tue 6/6/17 Fri 6/16/17 3 The integration analysis 3 days Wed 7/12/17 Fri 7/14/17 4 The delivery phase 7 days Tue 7/18/17 Wed 7/26/17 5 The promotion phase 5 days Thu 7/27/17 Wed 8/2/17 Project priorities: It has been an inevitable fact that the best plans laid by RFID projects have been seldom surviving totally intact as they are brought out to the real-world of the personnel changes of the end-users. The new priorities of budget and as the client introduce any urgent system perquisites or limitation stopping everyone in the tracks some aspects is to be covered. There must be developing and achieving of the team approval of the project scope of the work. There must be conducting the calls of the conference of pre-installation per week. This should be done by reviewing the development of the steps and timelines of the project plans. There must be the assuring of all the new tags of RFID systems and hardware at the place from the proper vendors. Moreover, there should be the approval from customers and tests done thoroughly regarding the portal and handled the software. Lastly, there should be the fully vetted and developed custom interface to the back-end legacy asset of the customers database. The fundamental and the complicated elements of the system must include the tags, middleware, sensors, encoders or printers, readers or encoders and in addition some needed software adaptations. It should enable the legacy applications and the systems to receive the data originated by the RFID. The implementation of RFID at the current program and the support from the technical consulting team from the third-party has constituted the majority of the costs. The team has been needed to deliver one technical consulting engagement or perform a turnkey world-wide solution across the comprehensive reseller and integration work of the system. Risk breakdown structure for the project: The risks are assessed as per as the following categories. Technical: There should be checking of the inadequate data, information that could be hard to disaggregate, improper recording of the data. These could generate issues in the technical risk assessments. This technical risk assessment could moreover occur due to accident migration. This indicates the tendency regarding the ignored sectors of accidents. Further, there could be the regression at the mean or the natural ebb and flow of accidents related to a particular range of events. External: These kinds of risks are arising from different events external to the company and that has been beyond the control and influence. It could include the political and natural disasters and some sift in macro-economy. As the organization is unable to do away with those events, the management must be focusing on the determination and the mitigation of the effects. The postal company should also tailor the process of risk-management at the various categories. As the compliance-based method has been effective to manage the risks preventable, it has been completely insufficient for the external risks and strategic risks. This needs the primarily various approaches on the basis of the explicit and open risk discussions. This extensive organizational and behavioral research displays that the people have hard cognitive biases discouraging them to think about and discuss the risks till it gets late. Organizational: Before starting the implementation it has been crucial for the Parcel Post Company to impose the organizational risk assessment approach. The resources are to be ensured and it must be determined that the infrastructure and support for the project have been in place. For performing this steps are discussed here. Firstly there should be secure commitment especially the approval for the senior managers and support to tackle the problems. There must be the commitment of sufficient resources, especially in the staff-time. There must be secure of commitment from the employees and the representatives. The need to establish must be considered and the project planning and the continuing of the administration must be considered. The mechanism and the timing for the communication policies are also to be considered and if appropriate the organization stress policy is to be developed. Lastly, records are to be kept regarding what has been done. As per as the security of commitment is concerned, stress at work should be tackled at the work. This could be done by performing some actions. Hence there might be already some idea regarding what factors must secure the commitment at the top level in the Parcel post Company. Regarding the business case or the tacking of the stress, there has been the tendency to concentrate only on the direct expense of the staffs was not present. The research has seen that the stress related to work might cause the reverse effect to the Parcel post Company. This might be in terms of maintaining the business performance and output, performance and productivity of the staffs, the intention to leave and the staff turnover, the attendance levels and the recruitment of employees and retention. Moreover, there has been customer satisfaction and the organizational reputation and image along with the potential litigation. Evaluation and prioritizing of the identified risks: Regarding the organizational risks, the employees must be involved along with the representatives. The employees must also be informed regarding what they have been doing to make the changes. As to the decision to prioritize the efforts to the restricted sector of the Parcel post-Company the people must be stated with the proper explanation. As per as the external risks are concerned, it is essential to assemble the teams with various backgrounds. The presence of distinct viewpoints of the similar issues could analyze the external factors impacting the project. The technical ones could be eradicated through the determination of the consequence and likelihood of the event. This process must be structured for ensuring every significant task at the Parcel post Company. Conclusion: The RFID technology has been the very innovative solution for the Parcel post Company. The company should effectively design the process of business flows. It has the properties of various distinct from the presently used labels of barcodes. However, the company has been not must aware of the technology and the advantages that could contribute to the business management and process. Moreover, the RFID tag price has been much higher than the barcode labels. The report has effectively evaluated the project scopes and the risks at various sectors like technical, organizational and external. Lastly, it has evaluated the various ways to mitigate those potential risks. References Cao, Q., Jones, D.R. and Sheng, H., 2014. Contained nomadic information environments: Technology, organization, and environment influences on adoption of hospital RFID patient tracking.Information Management,51(2), pp.225-239. Dhauta, S. and Kapoor, S., 2017, February. Interactive intellegent shopping cart using RFID and ZIGBEE modules. InI-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud)(I-SMAC), 2017 International Conference on(pp. 764-769). IEEE. Dominguez-Pry, C., Ageron, B. and Neubert, G., 2013. A service science framework to enhance value creation in service innovation projects. An RFID case study.International Journal of Production Economics,141(2), pp.440-451. Kolhe, P.R., Dharaskar, R.M., Tharkar, M.H., Joshi, S., Desai, S. and Dapoli, B.S.K.K.V., 2016. Information technology tool in library barcode Radio Frequency Identification RFID.Int. J. Innov. Sci. Eng. Technol,3, pp.81-6. Leite, F.I., Costa, F.C. and Yoshioka, R.T., 2014, September. RFID solutions and applications at Eldorado Research Institute. InBrasil RFID, 2014 IEEE(pp. 38-40). IEEE. Leitz, R., Solti, A., Weinhard, A. and Mendling, J., 2018. Adoption of RFID Technology: The Case of AdlerA European Fashion Retail Company. InBusiness Process Management Cases(pp. 449-461). Springer, Cham. Margulis, A., Boeck, H. and Durif, F., 2015, September. The Government-Firm-Society Triad in Ubiquitous Computing: Ethical Issue or Harmonious Chorale? The Case of RFID Technology. InCSR COMMUNICATION CONFERENCE 2015(p. 133). Ppperl, M., Adametz, J. and Vossiek, M., 2016. Polarimetric Radar Barcode: A Novel Chipless RFID Concept With High Data Capacity and Ultimate Tag Robustness.IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,64(11), pp.3686-3694. Smith-Ditizio, A.A. and Smith, A.D., 2018. Using RFID and Barcode Technologies to Improve Operations Efficiency Within the Supply Chain. InEncyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition(pp. 5595-5605). IGI Global. Sumi, M., Dinesh, R., Nijas, C.M., Mridula, S. and Mohanan, P., 2016, November. U slot multi-resonator RFID tag with enhanced bit encoding capacity. InRegion 10 Conference (TENCON), 2016 IEEE(pp. 116-119). IEEE. Tabanli, R.M. and Ertay, T., 2013. Value stream mapping and benefitcost analysis application for value visibility of a pilot project on RFID investment integrated to a manual production control systema case study.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,66(5-8), pp.987-1002. Ustundag, A., 2014.The value of RFID. Springer. Wong, C. and Guo, Z.X. eds., 2014.Fashion supply chain management using radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies. Elsevier. Yunus, N.H.M. and Yusof, S.F., 2015. Development of RFID Tagging Reader in Spending Items Plot Management.

Sensation and Perception free essay sample

As we began the experiment, there was a tranquil and quiet environment. But as time passed disturbances and laughs were affecting how well I was able to distinguish the food and even the smells. According to the signal detection theory, the environment, our moods and attitudes play a great role in determining what we can or cannot distinguish. Although I was not able to detect some of the food and smells, I was able to distinguish most of them. I believe that being able to identify something in detail by how they feel, smell, or taste is connected to the Absolute threshold theory. I experienced emotions of suspense, uncomfortableness, and fear. I have never been put in a situation where I had no control over what I ate, touch, or smell. When I first placed the bandana over my eyes, I felt uncomfortable and weird. As a child I never liked to have my eyes covered, consequently, I was a bit afraid doing it now as a young adult. We will write a custom essay sample on Sensation and Perception or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When I was given a different food to eat or a different thing to smell I got goose bumps, perhaps of suspense. Usually, when I go to a restaurant I don’t like to try new or exotic foods, so when doing this experiment I was afraid of the things that I was going to be eating. If the bandana were to remain on me for longer, I would feel incapacitated. I do not think that I would cope without this particular sense. I love being independent and I would feel worthless if other people had to do things for me. Most of the time, I use my computer to do my work, without eyesight I would have to adapt to a new lifestyle. I truly admire those who are able to have a normal life without their eyesight. I have never met anyone without this particular sense, but I would love to. I bet their life is harder than mine. Learning about their experiences would help me and many others appreciate and value our lives the way they are.

World War One. Essays

World War One. Essays World War One. Essays World War one. James martin and the Anzac Legend | James Charles Martin At the outbreak of World War 1 James said to his family that â€Å"One man in the family had to sign up for the war†, considering that his father was too old and weak and had to support his mother and 5 sisters he decided he was the one who had to do it. James Martin signed up for The Australian Imperial Force on April 12th 1915 giving a false date of birth saying he was 18 years of age when he was only 14 years and 3 months. Soon after, James had to go through 2 hard months of training in Victoria for the war, with strict times and rules, before he was sent off to Alexandria in Egypt where he then spent 1 month again training. In Victoria they all lived in steady conditions, sleeping in tents, eating regally and eating healthy except when some things were late being issued like there heavy rain coats and water proof ground sheets. As the April rain poured down, the camp got soaked, without ground sheets, their straw mattresses got dampened and without their rain coats their clothes were always wet. The worry of pneumonia spread throughout the camp. By the 30th he was well on his way to Gallipoli when his the little crowded steamer called the HMT Southland, was then torpedoed by an off radar Turkish sub, James then had to spend the next four hours in the water. After being rescued Private Martin landed with his battalion on Gallipoli on 7th September when the climate was at its most pleasant but the Turks where not. When he landed his battalion was bombarded with the bullets from the Turks, but once they made it safely to shore they found protection under and behind rocks. The ANZACS that had recently arrived started to help build the trenches, connecting the first trench to the second and the third giving easy access to all of them. The ANZACS also started to think ahead when building their trenches. When they built them they left a blocking technique, the idea of this was instead of building the trenches straight they left huge chunks at the side in case the Turks where to jump down and attack them they would have something t o hide behind, but unfortunately nothing could hide them from the rodents and the dead. When working in there, there was a period of very cold temperatures and very strong and heavy rains, these conditions flooded the trenches and the areas surrounding them, leaving James very wet and cold, and only to make it worse the trenches were filled with rodents and insects â€Å"The pests where deadlier then the Turks bullets† said James. From the day that war was declared James Martin had wanted to join the action and fight with them his friends. When he found out that he wasn’t old enough he asked his mother and father to write a letter of consent saying he was 18 years of age at first they denied but when telling his parents that â€Å"I’ll run away and join up under another name and you won’t hear from as I won’t write, but if you do I will write to you all of the time† they finally agreed. After getting in he was sent to Egypt to train then to Gallipoli to fight. Whilst in Gallipoli he wrote to his family not to worry and that he was doing ‘splendid’ over there telling his family that everything was fine, then the worst of the weather hit. Cold temperature and heavy consistent rains caused him to get very sick but he didn’t’t want to leave his duty’s, when he got worse they took him to a hospital thinking he was fine and was going to go back any time soon, James sadly passed away of Typhoid. James Martin’s perspective of war never changed, from the time he signed up to the time he was in hospital about to die he was still a brave young

How to Add Leading Zeroes to a Number (Delphi Format)

How to Add Leading Zeroes to a Number (Delphi Format) Different applications require specific values to conform to structural paradigms. For example, Social Security numbers are always nine digits long. Some reports require that numbers be displayed with a fixed amount of characters. Sequence numbers, for example, usually start with 1 and increment without end, so theyre displayed with leading zeroes to present a visual appeal. As a Delphi programmer, your approach to adding a number with leading zeroes depends on the specific use case for that value. You can simply opt to pad a display value, or you can convert a number to a string for storage in a database. Display Padding Method Use a straightforward function to change how your number displays. Use  format to make the  conversion by supplying a value for  length (the total length of the final output) and the number you want to pad: str : Format(%.*d,[length, number]) To pad the number 7 with two leading zeroes, plug those values into the code: str : Format(%.*d,[3, 7]); The result is  007  with the value returned as a string.   Convert to String Method Use a padding function to append leading zeroes (or any other character) any time you need it within your script. To convert values that are already integers, use: function LeftPad(value:integer; length:integer8; pad:char0): string; overload;  begin     result : RightStr(StringOfChar(pad,length) IntToStr(value), length );  end; If the value to be converted is already a string, use: function LeftPad(value: string; length:integer8; pad:char0): string; overload;begin  Ã‚  Ã‚  result : RightStr(StringOfChar(pad,length) value, length );end; This approach works with Delphi 6 and later editions. Both of these code blocks default to a padding character of 0  with a length of seven  returned characters; those values may be modified to meet your needs. When  LeftPad  is called, it returns values according to the specified paradigm. For example, if you set an integer value to 1234, calling LeftPad: i: 1234;r : LeftPad(i); will return a string value of 0001234.

Journal Summary 2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Journal Summary 2 - Research Paper Example In his article Aversano attempts to explore the reality of dream in human existence in the context of art and aesthetics. In the paper â€Å"Bad Dreams Are Made Of This† Leo Dolias has explored â€Å"bad dreams† from an existential perspective. While siding with Boss’s theoretical perspective of dream he thoroughly compares his own existential approach with Freud and Jung’s psychoanalytical view. Since, for Dolias, traditional Freudian view of dream often falls short to explain the experiences of bad-dreams, psychoanalysts need to add an existential dimension with Boss’s theoretical approach to dream, as he says, â€Å"I also intend†¦to bring experience and theory closer together, to allow for a creative interaction between theory, Heidegger’s philosophy, my views and experiences† (Dolias, 2010, p. 238). According Dolias, the difference between Freud and Jung’s psychoanalytical view and Boss’s approach is: while the psychoanalytical approach considers dreams as â€Å"masked unconscious message† and consequently appears to be mis leading, the second one asserts that bad dreams are the illumination of â€Å"one’s experience of being† (Dolias, 2010, p. 239). Rather than being a â€Å"subject-object interrelation†, the process of being itself is the â€Å"dreaming reality† of an individual. Here Dolias elaborates Boss’s idea further to apply in his patient’s Martha’s case. He notes that since Martha had an anxiety about something ominous in her journey, she would view it in her dream because in dreams her anxious being can reveal itself to the fullest. It further implies that her dreaming self is essentially her anxious being, which remains away in her waking state. This dreaming self of Martha basically refers to Heidegger’s Dasein. Since Martha’s Dasein determines her being on a journey in an ominous environment, this anxious Dasein reveals itself fully in her state. (Dolias, 2010) In the article â€Å"The

Toledo War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Toledo War - Research Paper Example In fact in the map, it was to be shown in its actual place that belonged to Michigan (Jones). The tug of war between the Michigan and Ohio was because Toledo was at the planned end point of Miami and Erie canals. Until the year 1830, the crises touched upon its height during the course of canal construction. The factor of the tussle was because of the awareness that the region was agriculturally fertile. To optimum use of agriculturally rich land, the availability of transportation was inevitable. Unfortunately because of transport, the agriculture produce was not available in the area. In the light of 1825 legislation, two navigational canals were built. This has further narrowed the strip of land. Despite the mentioned development, Toledo was conveniently located on the mouth of Lake Erie (Jones). We may call Toledo War of 1835, as the Battle of Phillips Crossing or the Ohio-Michigan Boundary War. The said war comes on the limelight due to historical dispute with regard to the boundary line between Michigan and Ohio. The disputed boundaries are familiarized as the Toledo Strip. The major part of Ohio falls within the ambit of cited strip (Mitchell).   The dispute was not because of only one factor. It has caused number of factors, which included poorly created maps. The example of which is placement of southern tip of Lake Michigan wrongly, the ambiguous language of  Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the diversified interpretations by Michigan and Ohio coupled with unhealthy political activities, and egos (Mitchell). On February 6th 1835, Governor Lucas informed the lawmakers of Mason’s proposal. He had no desire to appoint any commissioner and impressed upon the lawmakers to declare Ohio’s jurisdiction up to the Harris line so as to direct the concerned officials to exercise their authority over the Toledo Strip (Rollins). In order to ensure legal authority of relevant officials and to shun the foreign interference, the Michigan State in the month of

Sugar in the 19th Hundreds, Problems Essay Example for Free

Sugar in the 19th Hundreds, Problems Essay What is the reason for the abandonment of sugar plantations in the British West Indies in the 19th century? I am going to analyze and asses the reasons why sugar plantations were being abandoned by plantation owners in the 19th century? The main causes and the main effects. The abandonment of the Sugar plantations in the Caribbean leads to major changes and had a great effect on West Indian countries. So what caused sugar, a once thriving industry, to be abandoned? And what was the impact it had? ata collected will assessed and analyzed to understand these effects, the causes and how they pertain to life in this century. Chapter 1 Introduction. Sugar cane was the main cash crop grown on numerous British, French and Spanish owned islands. Sugar was in high demand and was very profitable. But this industry needed labor and lots of it thus slavery was the cheapest and best source of labor they had. Plantation owners would buy slaves brought from Africa to work on their plantations. Plantation life in the 19th century was very hard, grueling labor, severe punishment and extensive exhaustion. Slaves worked for long periods of time in fields harvesting sugar, in factories producing sugar and the main house as workers (maids, butlers, and cooks ). The abandonment of sugar production was imminent to failure because of the ill treatment and over working. The United States was also a major factor in sugar abandonment, along with the feuded between British and the Spanish which lead to more problems. In my S. B. A I will asses these problems and the effects they had on both the economy and on the society. Chapter 2 Reasons for abandonment The abandonment of sugar plantations in the 19th century was caused by not only one factor but, it was caused by a collection of factors or a chain of events happening one after the other. Reasons for the abandoning of the sugar plantations started with the Emancipation of slaves, then from that event, multiple amounts of other events caused the sugar estates to close. Emancipation was the greatest cause of Sugar estates being abandoned. The Emancipation Act was passed in 1830 in May and an ex and it stated that â€Å"All men were equal and slavery was to be abolished. This in turn means that former slaves were free. These free† men now had rights. So plantation owner had to pay slaves, this was a great change from the former system they had. Work time for slaves had to be cut; there were no long excessive amount of work hours, now it had to be a limited amount of time. Slaves could not be abused anymore and they could have refused to do the work. These factors caused a great stress on the plantation owners. They were losing more of their profit to pay wages, less hours of work were being done, and less sugar was being produced, in turn less profit. After Emancipation plantation owners taught that sugar production would have decreased, it did, for some countries. Smaller Islands production went up such as Barbados and Puerto Rico. These places, relatively all the land was used for estate purposes, so freed slaves had no other choice but to go back and work on the plantations. But in larger countries such as Jamaica where slaves hated plantation life and there was land untainted by settlement sugar production took a massive lost in profit. Everything changed by the end of the 19th Century. Slavery had been abolished, and Europes beet sugar had preempted Caribbean cane. Depressed market prices could not offset the production and transportation costs for an island crop, and sugar plantations soon were abandoned. Abolition of slavery was difficult for the colonies, which had to adjust to having a majority of new citizens who could not be denied the civil rights already grudgingly extended to the few. Extending those civil rights, then as now, was neither easily nor gracefully achieved because the political systems had existed for centuries as the narrow instruments of the small, white, landed elite, largely absentee, whose members were threatened by the removal of their special trade preferences. Above all, there were economic difficulties. Sugar prices were falling, and West Indian producers were facing severe competition not only from other producers in the British Empiresuch as India, South Africa, and Australiaand non-imperial cane sugar producerssuch as Cuba and Brazilbut also from beet sugar producers in Europe and the United States. Falling prices coincided with rising labor costs, complicated by the urgent need to regard the ex-slaves as wage laborers able and willing to bargain for their pay. Acts passed by the government. Acts passed by the Government in the 19th century contributed to the abandoning of plantations greatly. They were one of the most influential factors. If it was not for these Acts, in my option the sugar industry would have survived. Such as The Sugar Equalization Act,1846 this law was passed because persons wanted cheap raw materials but the price of these items was very high. Politicians of the Manchester school convinced the British that duties were keeping the price at a high rate. Thus duties were removed from corn and sugar. Some farmer’sprophesied this was the end for sugar and along with â€Å"The Encumbered Estates Act, 1854 the sugar industry looked grim. The Encumbered Estates Act stated that the government could seize plantations that were abandoned and could be sold with their debt and the new owner had to pay off this debt. The act was very short sighted and gave away to long term effects that prove to be disastrous Labor problems. To mitigate labor difficulties, the local assemblies were encouraged to import nominally free laborers from India, China, and Africa under contracts of indenture. Apart from the condition that they had a legally defined term of service and were guaranteed a set wage, these Asian indentured laborers were treated like the African slaves they partially replaced in the fields and factories. Between 1838 and 1917, nearly half a million East Indians (from British India) came to work on the British West Indian sugar plantations, the majority going to the new sugar producers with fertile lands. Trinidad imported 145,000; Jamaica, 21,500; Grenada, 2,570; St. Vincent, 1,820; and St.  Lucia, 1,550. Between 1853 and 1879, British Guiana imported more than 14,000 Chinese workers, with a few going to some of the other colonies. Between 1841 and 1867, about 32,000 indentured Africans arrived in the British West Indies, with the greater number going to Jamaica and British Guiana. With important British politicians such as Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone (1809-98) owning sugar estates in British Guiana, that colony, directly administered by the crown, assumed great importance in the Caribbean. Chapter 3 Effects of Sugar abandonment in the Caribbean. Indentured labor did not resolve the problems of the plantations and the local governments in the Caribbean during the nineteenth century, but it enabled the sugar plantations to weather the difficulties of the transition from slave labor. The new immigrants further pluralized the culture, the economy, and the societies. The East Indians introduced rice and boosted the local production of cacao (the bean from which cocoa is derived) and ground provisions (tubers, fruits, and vegetables). Although some East Indians eventually converted to Christianity and intermarried with other ethnic groups, the majority remained faithful to their original Hindu and Muslim beliefs, adding temples and mosques to the religious architecture of the territories. The Chinese moved into local commerce, and, by the beginning of the twentieth century, the corner Chinese grocery store and the Chinese restaurant had become commonplace in all the colonies. Emancipation of the slaves provided the catalyst for the rise of an energetic, dynamic peasantry throughout the Caribbean. A large proportion of the ex-slaves settled in free villages, often forming cooperatives to buy bankrupt or abandoned sugar estates. Where they lacked the capital, they simply squatted on vacant lands and continued the cultivation of many of the food crops that the planters and the colonial government had exported during the days of slavery. The villages, although largely independent, provided a potential labor pool that could be attracted to the plantations. The growth of these free villages immediately after the emancipation of the slaves was astonishing. In Jamaica, black freeholders increased from 2,014 in 1838 to more than 7,800 in 1840 and more than 50,000 in 1859. In Barbados, where land was scarcer and prices higher, freeholders of less than 2 hectares each increased from 1,110 in 1844 to 3,537 in 1859. In St.  Vincent, about 8,209 persons built their own homes and bought and brought under cultivation over 5,000 hectares between 1838 and 1857. In Antigua, 67 free villages with 5,187 houses and 15,644 inhabitants were established between 1833 and 1858. The free villages produced new crops such as coconuts, rice, bananas, arrowroot, honey, and beeswax, as well as the familiar plantation crops of sugarcane, tobacco, coffee, cacao, citrus limes, and ground provisions. Which lead to the integration of a wide variety of agricultural products?

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Legalizing Organ Sales When an individual thinks of the United States of America, the thought of hope and freedom comes to mind, but behind closed doors there is something opposite of that. There is a world where human organs give hope and freedom to people, not the promises of America. There is a world where one organ can be the difference between life or death for patients. This organ world can be fixed by allowing the sales of organs in America, allowing more organs for more patients. The sale of human organs should be legalized because it would stop the black market and people are in need of organs. The black market is an illegal underground economy, where people can sell anything they want, including organs. This is a very dangerous market, because people will do virtually anything to make money off of organs, including harming other people. â€Å"Reports on black market surgeries detail operations taking place in outdated, dangerous facilities† ( The Sale of Human Organs Should be Allowed 2). Having these operations being done for the black market is very hazardous and unsafe, pe...

Social Welfare in Australia

Social Welfare in Australia Social security in Australia is a system of social welfare payments provided by the Commonwealth Government of Australia. These payments are administered by the Department of Human Services. Most benefits are subject to a means test.Payments are made to a variety of groups of people; Indigenous students and New Apprentices, age pension, assistance for isolated children (families with a child who lives a fair distance from school), carers, disability support pension, foster families, maternity payment, people who are looking for employment, parenting payment, special benefit (financial hardship) and youth allowance. 7. 1 million Australians were â€Å"customers† of Centrelink, many of which claimed from child care.The payments are paid for through general taxation. In Australia only citizens may claim these benefits. Centrelink is the agency which manages social security. Australia gives out social welfare payments to ensure more equal dispersion of wealth and to assist the lower socio-economic population. In many people’s view in Australia it is the government’s responsibility to look after the less well off, whereas in other countries, for example China, people might rely on their immediate family, for instance to look after the elderly.Australia is the most â€Å"efficient† at reducing inequality of any rich country. In Europe, the United States and Japan, social security is financed by contributions from employers and employees, with benefits related to past earnings, therefore the higher income workers received more generous benefits if they become unemployed, disabled or retire. The rationale for Australia’s approach is that it reduces poverty more efficiently by concentrating the available resources on the poor and minimises adverse incentives. The extent to which the Australian welfare state redistributes to the poor is determined by the interactions between the tax and social security system s, both in terms of the size of taxes collected and the distribution of these taxes. This is calculated by estimating the level of spending on social security benefits as a percentage of household disposable income and then taking account of how much of this goes to the poorest fifth. The same procedure is used to calculate how much tax is paid by people in that group, which is then subtracted from the benefits received to give â€Å"net redistribution to the poor. †1 â€Å"The main objective of social security systems in most countries is to provide insurance against risks like unemployment, disability and sickness, and to redistribute income across the life cycle. †2 There is also the â€Å"Robin Hood† motive; take from the rich and give to the poor, which Australia is a strong example of because our system relies heavily on income testing and directs a higher share of benefits to lower income groups than any other country. Australia has the most â€Å"target efficient† system of social security benefits. Some examples of social security payments given out are:ABSTUDY is the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Study Assistance Scheme and is for Indigenous Australians undergoing some form of study. All Indigenous students at secondary or tertiary institutions and primary students 14 years and older. The student must be of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent and be a current Australian citizen. The Disability Support Pension provides income support for people who suffer a long-term disability which they will not recover from in the next two years, which will determine them unable to work. The average person will receive $385. 0 monthly. The Parenting Payment is for those who are carers of dependent children under the age of 8. These customers are able to collect this payment until their youngest child turns 16. The Parenting Payment uses an individual and a partner income test to determine the rate of payment. Means and a ssets tests are applied to reduce the incidence of welfare fraud and contain social security spending, so as not to â€Å"rip off† the taxpayers. In 2012-2013 the Australian Government contributed $132 million towards social security and welfare, this made up 34. % of total government expenditure. In Australia, welfare is the largest component of public spending and therefore is the main determinant of how much tax income needs to be collected. Bibliography: Wikipedia, Social Security Australia, 2013, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Social_Security_(Australia), Retrieved 20 February 2013. Whiteford, P. , Inside Story, 2013, http://inside. org. au/how-fair-is-australia’s-welfare-state/, Retrieve 20 February 2013. Riley, T. , 2013, Year 11 Economics, Sydney, Tim Riley Publications.

Methodologies of christian social ethics

A particular group of people for centuries together practices certain principles which are approved by the group; society or community for generations Is called customs. Character: Our behavior, conduct or repeated practice of habits became a character. According to medical science it is easy to Stealing. Repeated habits lead to character. Even our character or habits form our personality.Society which we came from plays a lead role in forming character and our culture plays a role in formation of our character. 4. 06. 12 Morals: The word morals come from the Latin word â€Å"moss† which means â€Å"way of life† or habits. Ethos means customs or character. In modern world the word moral and ethics have been used interchangeable. Both the terms connotes those duties and responsibilities which persons have with reference to right and wrong conduct or ultimate purpose of life. Ethics talk about what is right and wrong, then duties and responsibilities, and then the command ment.The second point is ultimate purpose of life. Morality is the description of human behavior. Traditionally the word moral was used in descriptive sense. In today's world the word moral is used by restrictive sense. As an adjective: To describe behaviors of persons or people commonly regarded as right, good or appropriate. As a noun: To refer to the norms or principles practiced by a particular group of people regarding right or wrong conduct. In order to revive sound moral Judgment, we need to have two main things; 1 Vigorous pursuit of relevant information, (Work hard to get information) 2.More complete data to illuminate the nature of the problem Ethics: Ethics is a Praxis oriented or reflective reflection on morality in order to give sound moral Judgment. Morals is a descriptive or to describe human behavior or conduct. While ethics reflect on morality, morality describes the behavior of a person. 19. 6. 12 Mackenzie (1860 – 1935) A 19th century philosopher defines et hics as a study of what is right or good in human conduct or the science of the ideal involvement in human life Staunch Sinai says † Ethics is a normative science which is systematic knowledge†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ T is a science in so far as it depends upon the observation, classification and explanation off human conduct with reference to an ideal†. It is an ideal consist of view set by what is right or wrong. Conclusion: Ethics evaluates he voluntary action and habitual actions of persons and considers their rightness and wrongness. Ethics is a systematic study of human conduct, individual as well as cooperate. It is concerned with determining what conduct is right or wrong, good or bad, fitting and non-flitting. Christian Ethics Ethics plus Bible is known as Christian ethics.Sources of Christian ethics are 1) Bible and 2) cultural norms and traditions. Some scholars say that we can learn from other religions also. Bible: The study of ethics based on bible is known as Christi an ethics. Ethics is a critical reflection on morality basing on the word of god. To understand oral Judgment first source available for Christians is bible. Other sources for dong Christina ethics is Bible normative. Cultural Norms: Traditional moral principles say that we can learn from other traditions or other cultural norms. Our experience is also a source of Christian ethics.If Bible is not there, there is no Christian ethics. Definitions on Christian Ethics Signal Paul: According to Signal Paul â€Å"Christian ethics is a critical reflection on human conduct or the issue and the problem that we face in our society basing on definition Critical analysis of Christian ethics is based on a) data and b) teaching of he bible Adams: According to Adams â€Å"reflection on human conduct ? .. Aim to achieve clarity and consistency with respect to the ground and goal, the motives and the norms, the means and consequences of right action conceived as the response to and the working of the grace of the God. 20. 06. 2012 Hunter P Mammary: â€Å"The living reality of God as understood through Christ and Judo- Christian tradition – is the distinctive component in serious reflection on human moral conduct†. James M. Gustafson defines Christian ethics as â€Å"ethic must be Christian and is Christian in a universally applicable sense because it is in Christ that al things are created and he is the Lord of all things. This definition Justifies the first one. Ethic must be Christian because the community is called to absolute obedience to Jesus Christ as Lord.Conclusion: Christian ethics is a listing kind of discipline and it is also different from other fields of studies. Also Christian ethics help to study the social sciences. Christian means the help of other social sciences we are to see the relation of Christian ethics with other social sciences. Psychology helps us in order to understand human behavior. Social analysis is sociology which is more crit ical and racial. Social analysis helps to understand the origin and development in society. Sociology will help us to understand Biblical history and structure of the society.Sociology and history of Christianity will help us to understand issues, development context of O T and N T and changes in many Christian traditions. Theology helps us to see and analyze Church. History of Christianity helps theology. It becomes abnormal for us to look back our church tradition, when it comes to serious conflict. Study of theology helps to know how theology was originating and developing. It helps us to listen to our issues. Biblical Studies: The Most important help we get in terms of Christianity is from biblical studies. We deal with origin, purpose, occasion, date and development in biblical studies.Most importantly we do interpretation I. E. Hermeneutics. In short hermeneutic means interpreting origin and development of text. The theological background from where we came is matter while int erpreting Bible. We believe Holy Spirit is one person who interprets Bible to us. Holy Spirit manifest to us in different ways where we may have topography experience. Most times our theology will affect our Biblical Hermeneutics. 21 . 06. 12 Conclusion: To conclude the purpose of Christian ethics it is not that we discover perfect solution. Christian ethic has to do with Christian morality and values.Christian Ethics teach us about singular relationship between God and Man 22. 06. 12 MODES OF ETHICAL DISCOURSE: A. Deontological Ethics, The word demonology derives from the Greek word â€Å"Eden† means â€Å"necessary or imperative†. It is also known as traditional ethics or classical ethics. Deontological Ethics is imperative absolute and obligatory, independent of their ends and consequences. Most of the deontological will say that some of our actions are consequences or results. When important is given to means it does not bother about ends. If Bible says do not stea l we should not.Many deontological will say that this ethics concentrate on means not consequences. Different types of Deontological Ethics. 1. Rights According to Robin Gill â€Å"rights† is a more recent example of deontological ethics. He gives the example of right to live, right of the women to choose. The best known contemporary defender of deontological approach to rights is by Ronald Deerskin. He argues that rights should not be over ridden by consideration of social well-being. 2. Legalism or Absolutism Legalism is a law. This is one of the most widespread models of deontological ethics.Deontological attempts to state what kinds of acts are either require or forbidden. They claim that by the very nature of things certain kinds of acts are always obligatory. It requires a person to apply a rule or code which has already been formulated. 3. Rule Ethics Rule Ethics points to an already existing authority – Truth Reentered-. Deontological ethics are also presented as rule ethics which is considered as the answer of tradition. The answer of the ethical tradition or of rule ethics points the questionnaire to an orderly existing authority.Though Reentered talks about the rule ethics, his concern is more of an ethical tradition which implies a separate speculative world or situation ethics. 4. The Divine Command Theory The divine command theory is also known as theological voluntarism which holds that the standard of right and wrong is the will or love of God. Proponents of this view believe that right and wrong – is that commanded and forbidden by God. 5. Obedient Love. This is one of the most important types in Deontological Ethics propounded by Paul Ramsey. According to Paul Ramsey the central ethical notion on category in Christian ethics is obedient love.This is the sword of love the gospel describes as love fulfilling the law and Paul designates as faith that works through love. Ramsey defines it as â€Å"faith that works though lov e†. 6. Categorical Imperative. Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804) stressed on Categorical imperative. The most important theory of Deontological ethics is Categorical imperative of Emmanuel Kant. His book is Critic of Practical reason. In Kantian theological theory, an action is Justified by showing what it is right not by showing that the consequences of acts are good.According to Emmanuel Kant each individual is rational and is able to reason and arrived at the right decision regarding his or her own actions. Reasons according to Emmanuel Kant transcend all groups, cultures, societies and dialects and a set of rational principles which are to be obeyed by all. Emmanuel Kant tries to establish the ultimate basis for the validity of moral rules – is pure reason, not in intuition or conscience. In his view a moral principle gains universal applicability when that principle cannot be rationally rejected.So the ultimate basis of morality rests on principle of reason which all ratio nal creatures possess. 25. 6. 12 The Critique of Pure reason of Emmanuel Kant (1781) He talks about reason. Religion could be established on the basis of practical reason. About obligation. Deontological are not concerned with end results. Traditional Christians follows deontological ethics. They take moral principles without seeing consequences. They Just said don't do or do with absolute attitudes. Emmanuel Kant says do your duty though the heavens may fall.The deontological are of the view that â€Å"the end does not always Justify the means† Cant's Theory on Categorical imperatives or Three important Principles of Kant Cant's theory on Categorical imperatives includes: 1 . Autonomy (self-governs) Here we have freedom to choose. It talks about autonomous will of a person. Emmanuel Kant bases his entire moral system on the affirmation that every rational being exist as an end in himself not merely as a means, according to binding moral rules valid for everyone – for arbitrary use by these or that will happen when a person behaves according to binding moral rules valid for everyone.He considers that a person has an autonomous will. Hence the principle autonomy is never choosing except in such a way that in the same volition the maxims of your choice are also present as universal laws. This means that it should be within the principles of universal laws) Therefore a person's autonomy consists in his ability to direct himself/ herself according to these moral maxims. 2. The Goodwill What make an action right or wrong are not the consequences of the act, but rather the principle guiding the act.He spoke of the will as something that is within our conscious control as opposed to a wish that is not within our conscious control. In other words he states that the good will is not because it achieves good results. Even if it were unable to obtain the ends it would still be good in itself and have a higher worth than the superficial things gained by immo ral actions. 6. 6. 12 3. Duty and Moral Laws: Emmanuel Kant explains the relationship between goodwill and duty. A good will is one which acts for the sake of duty. Human actions have moral worth only if they are performed from duty.Actions that result from inclinations or self-interest maybe praise worthy if they happened, for whatever reason to accord with duty, but they are not moral. According to Kant the dutiful person takes the maxim of helping others to express or embody a requirement, Just as Law does. What we understand from Cant's categorical imperative is that the categorical imperatives should tell us that our axiom themselves must be laws which is universal being the characteristics of laws. It tells us to act on those principles which are laws. Therefore, Kant argues for the importance of action from duty.The only thing good without qualification is goodwill and a person acquires both good will and moral worth by acting from duty. Therefore one's duty is to act in acco rdance with objective moral values and laws and such laws are categorical. The teaching of deontological ethics is if some moral principles are laid down we are to follow it. It is the teaching of deontological ethics. All the laws amended in the Bible are to be followed by the Christina s whether we like it or not. Summary CNN: You need to critique deontological ethic. Can we apply deontological ethics of the bible all the times?Is all the Bible commandments are applicable for all in relation to Indian context? 28-6-12 Teleological ethics comes into being because some found deontological ethics not gives any freedom. Ideologists say that in all aspects teleological ethics involved. It comes into been on process to an end or goal. We do right today in order to achieve a high good in the future. An action should not be done for the sake of Jesus only. Ideologists say all circumstances will not work. It focuses on ends and goals. There is no choice but absolute obligation. We cannot l ive in the world of dos and don't. We should live on aspirations for the future.The right action which we do today will lead us to future. Our action should have goal purpose. Teleology comes from Greek word tells means â€Å"end† â€Å"purpose† or â€Å"goal†. Teleology ethics is for ends and goals so that moral decision making are to be Judged in the light of an end or goal. The ideologists look at the consequences of actions rather than to any intrinsic goodness or badness n action. In other words it is ethics of aspirations good or ends also referred to as consequential ethics. This approach is concerned with questions regarding the highest good or final goals of life toward which persons should aspire.Most prominent deontological are Jeremy Beneath, John Stuart Mill and Judger N Molten and Earaches Bausch. Different approach or Theories on Teleological Ethics 1. Quantitative utilitarianism It simply means greater happiness or number. All the philosophers wh o talk about quantitative utilitarianism are indebted to Jeremy Beneath (1784 – 1818). An action s right when there is absence of pain. If we talk about happiness it has to be with greatest number. The idea of the greater happiness of human kind as the end of morality was placed in a secular framework by Jeremy Beneath.Jeremy Beneath believes that man always sticks to his own pleasure. He agreed with Epicures that the ethical or the right is that which produces the most pleasure. Though there are similarities, Beneath however developed his theory farther than Epicures. Epicures mainly talks about one's own pleasure but Beneath along with pleasure on individual talks about the pleasure of the community. In other word, Beneath states that right action is always the promotion not simply of one's own pleasure but of the community of all persons. 2. Scatological Ethics It is either of the end or the ethics of the future.Scatological ethics means ethics of good at end. Within Chris tian tradition certain ideas about the ultimate good or the final end of history and how one is to relate to this end has been a dominant motive in several strands/ types of ethical thoughts. Models built on this theme emphasize the sovereignty of God and the expected establishment of God's righteousness in all hinges, but deviate regarding whether the sovereignty of God is future or present, individual or societal a future condition for which one must wait for a condition of righteousness within history for which one must labor. L.Other worldly model It talks about future happiness in heaven even thought if we suffer at the present world. In other words it is the behavior that the ultimate purpose of our life is in the heavenly kingdom, not in the world. Its main concern is future world of happiness. Followers of this approach believe that true life exist only in heaven, a world beyond this present life. Consequently, for them life in this world is viewed as a testing ground. It em phasis the cultivation of certain qualities of the spirit which they believe the conservative believes in this understanding of true life that will come beyond death.It explains the cultivation of certain spiritual qualities in anticipation of life beyond death. 3. 7. 12 ii Kingdom of God This model gained prominence during the early part of the nineteenth century and it is associated with the social gospel movement by author Walter Reaches Bausch. The followers of this theory believe in the proper norms and principles for how to live in the society. This model talks about the present world. It is actually talking about Christianization of social order. This model is rooted in the belief that the proper norm regarding how society should be organized and arranged by the kingdom of God concept.The followers of this model claim that an understanding of Kingdom of God provides both a version of good society and authority which enables the followers to work for grater approximation of ki ngdom within history. They understand that the Kingdom of God is nothing less than â€Å"humanity organized† accord not the will of the God. Therefore a according to the Kingdom of God model the hive task of Christians and churches is to labor for the Christianization of the social order. It regards individualistic salvation as totality inadequate for dealing with the problem of evil, which has become institutionalized in the structure of the society.Sin is seen not merely as the corruption of the individual will but of the institution. Iii) Liberation Model Liberation model which has come to existence in recent years, especially in third world has its root historically in the struggle of oppressed people to be freed from dependence and exploitation. It has the scatological hope for freedom and liberation. It takes the biblical image of the Christ as the liberator and conceives liberation as both spiritual in terms of after life and takes the historical and the temporal as th e arena where Christians must struggle for liberation.It is for a radical break within unjust social order and realizations of salvation as qualitative and not merely a quantitative dimension of life. This model provides a strong motive and power to the struggle of the oppressed. 3. Qualitative Utilitarianism Though Beneath formulated the universalistic pleasure theory, later universalistic and utilitarianism found this theory failing to meet certain difficulties. One of the foremost proponents of the qualitative latter utilitarianism was John Stuart Mill (1806 – 1873), whose father was a friend and follower of J Beneath.John Stuart Mill almost agreed with Beneath concerning the central formula of Utilitarianism. But the major difference is that Beneath took quantitative approach to happiness whereas Mill argues that the quality of the happiness should be our primary concern. According to John S Mill the quality of happiness should be the major concern in our ethics of discou rses. Social points how John S Mill explains his theory; 04. 07. 12 I) Empiricism It talks about experience from field research. Mill is from classical theory. He talks about experience as source of all ideas. When he talks about empiricism, he talks about inductive approach.Inductive means particular to general and deductive is general to particular. A study begins with particular to general. It needs a field study. He says experience should lead to general uniformity about the right action. ‘I) On Mill would talk about the freedom of an individual. Complete liberty should be given to individual provided that their action should not cause any harm to anyone. He also tastes that there is a relationship between ethics, individual freedom and democracy. In other words Mill says that we are cultural moral beings only when we act for the benefit of the whole humanity.For that kind of act compulsion should not be there and should be out from free will. C. Contextual Ethics l. Conte xtual ethics of Paul Lehman Contextual ethicists say that they are not comfortable with the approach of deontological and teleological approach. They say we need to look at the circumstances of moral action. Contextual ethicists say that deontological ethics will not be appropriate in different contexts. Contextual ethics talks about moral judgment of an action should be fitting to the context. The place of context or circumstances of moral action is important in relation to moral Principles and rules.Roman Catholics use the word moral theology whereas contextual theology is applicable and popular among Protestants. Contextual ethicists emphasize the moral context as most critical element in the determination. In other words it stresses the importance of concrete setting of human behavior. There are many contextual ethics from western context and Indian context. Contextual ethicists look at the circumstances of the moral action. For e. G. , observing Sabbath strictly. Contextual eth ics is very popular among the Christian tradition. Article: â€Å"contextual ethics† found in the Dictionary of the Christian ethics deeds.Manchuria. Among contextual ethics Paul Lehman is one of the contemporary theologian and philosopher. He is one of the most important proponents of contextual ethics. In Paul Lineman's contextual ethics the focus is shifted from larger goals to actual context. When we look at Paul Lineman's ethics in Christian context, he provides an articulation of his change in focus and actually applying the contemporary context. He is actually speaking the anthropometry focus where all norms are challenged. Traditions are losing its ground in the midst of that we see the emergence of different possibilities for human life. 9. 07. 12 Kayoing Ethics At this point he talks about contextual ethics which is known as kayoing ethics and also known as community ethics. In the kayoing ethics, he insists upon the importance of context in which Ethical insights a nd practices are nourished or how moral developments take place. Secondly, Canonic ethics is concerned with relations and functions in the society and Thirdly for Lehman, Okinawa ethics is oaken as a starting point for ethical reflection. In other words contextual critique is contextual ethics of absolution.An action should be speaking to the context According to the Paul Lehman kayoing ethics is introduced by Jesus Christ himself. In the Okinawa ethics, Christian ethics is starting point of all ethics. Contextual ethics is critique of all ethics. Kayoing ethics is concerned with relation and functions in community not only on Christian principles. The ethical question in the kayoing ethics is not what ought I do but â€Å"what am I to do†? Ought to factor to cannot be ethical realty. The primarily ethical realty is the human factor, the human indicative in every situation involving the interrelationship and the decisions of man.The humans are the indicators of what is happen ing. In the kayoing ethics Paul Lehman clearly sees God's activity in the world and he says that God is acting in the world to keep human life and that through the participation in the kayoing. Human life can be called human when they participate in the community. Community with only human life can be called humbugging. His kayoing ethics is a humbugging ethics which enables people to grow in the Christian maturity and be agents of the immunization in the world. Therefore its aim is consistency between these factors within specific context rather than uniformity of acts in all contexts.In summary it is sensitivity to human ethics. Summary So far we have seen three model of ethics; Deontological ethics, Teleological ethics, Contextual ethics. Contextual ethics is divided into three; Contextual Situation Responsibility- Relationally Ethics Paul Lehman Joseph Fletcher Richard Nibbler II. Situation ethics It became popular in 1960 through the effort of Joseph Fletcher. Through his book situation ethics, he developed this approach at the background of Paul Lineman's antenatal ethics with some dissatisfaction. He says Lehman looks at contextual ethics in liberal term and looks at particular situation not general context.According to Joseph Fletcher an action should be fitting to the situation or circumstances. The situations rejects the idea that there are timeless rules which are never to be violated and the idea that there is a group which is objectively given in the nature of things. In other words the situations takes seriously the concrete character of moral life and holds that human conduct is to be evaluated in relation to specific situation rather than universally binding laws. The situations recognizes the love commandment as the only absolute moral principle and examines each situation carefully to determine what love requires then and there. 0. 7. 12 Situation etches of Joseph Fletcher In this approach he is not doing with all the demonology ethics. The p rinciple, Joseph Fletcher talks about is Love, the obedient love. He says that there is only one universal principle that is love which enables us to take right decisions. He says that agape love is the summary commandment, to love God and the neighbor. To him situation ethics is not a system or a program of living according to principle, but it is n effort to relate love to a world of relativities through obedient love. According to him the only one law or principle that is binding is Love.The principle which is always good and right is Love. He says situation ethics is not a system or a program of living according to principle. His effort was to relate love to a world of relativities through obedient love. Ethics of obedience of commandment is love. His six propositions of theory of situation ethics agape love or obedient love 1. Love one thing only is always good: The first preposition â€Å"only one thing is principally good, namely love nothing else at all†. By this stat ement he means that Love is a principle a formal principle expressing what type of real actions.Christians alone is always good and right in every situation. It is the only universal principle, because whatever is loves in any particular situation is good. Joseph Fletcher quotes Richard Nibbler â€Å"God nowhere commands love for its own sake because love is for the sake of people and it is not good in itself†. 2. Love is the only norm or love is the only principle: â€Å"The ruling norm of Christian decisions is â€Å"love† nothing else†. He explains that situation ethics reduces the law from a legal system of rules to the love anon alone. He gives the example of Jesus and Paul replaces the principle of Torah with the living principle of agape 3.Love and Justice are the same for Justice. For justice Love is distributed nothing else. In other words Fletcher says that Love does not only care but is careful. He also says that it is diligent in serving the neighbor . He also says that prudence and love are not Just partners but they are one and same. Love is to seek neighbor's welfare and Justice is being fair as between neighbors. From here we understand that Justice is Christian love using reasons by calculating TTS duties, obligations, opportunities, resources and Justice is also love coping with situations. 4.Love is not liking. â€Å"Love wills the neighbor's good whether we like him or not†. According to Fletcher Love is discerning and critical but not sentimental. In other words in the situation ethics the neighbor is anybody. It is an ethics in which justice is impartial an inclusive. Justice and love is one and the same thing. Justice is as personal as love and love is as social as Justice. Therefore agape seeks the good of anybody and everybody because it seeks the will of neighbor's good whether we like IM or not. 5 Love Justifies means: Only the end Justifies the means nothing else.According to Joseph Fletcher unless some pu rpose or end in view to Justify any action, we take it is literally meaningless. Every action without exception is haphazard (Incomplete), if it is without an end to serve and ends in turn needs means. 11. 7. 12 6 Love decides then and there: This proposition, love decisions are made situational not prescriptively. According to Fletcher for real decision making freedom is required which is an open ended approach to situation. Close ended approach did not have NY option. Therefore situation ethicists always suspect prescriptive laws.They say that according to the love, decisions are made situational not prescriptively. In other words the decision making is always depends on the case is question. Situation ethics are critical about principles of deontological ethics especially about their laws. Ill. Relationally – Responsibility Ethics 13. 07. 12 Responsibility means what we ought to do. When given a responsibility we are accountable. How responsibility relationally model of et hics came in to being or how it came as a median? It involves two notions. They are; 1 .Accountability, Obligation and 2. How we are accountable to God. Hunter P Mamba coined it what Richard Nibbler have already said. According to Mamba, here comes a median that will bridge two extremes. One extreme talk about duties that talk about deontological model of ethics and other extreme is the end. Accountability looks back to some deed done and obligation looks forward to moral demands that need to be met in relationships. Responsibility therefore has to do with relationships, deeds and accountability is being answerable for ones' action or

Free Essays on Entrepreneur

Entrepreneurial leadership is very crucial to an individual and to a corporation’s success. Entrepreneurial firms are a major source of change and innovation. They create jobs, new tax revenues, and other transfers of money. At a time when U.S. productivity growth is lagging behind other countries, and when our large corporations are laying off workers and focusing on core businesses, entrepreneurial firms assume a more significant role; they do what large companies are not doing. Entrepreneurship is defined as â€Å"The process of creating value by bringing together a unique package of resources to exploit an opportunity.† (Fournies) The process itself consists of the set of activities necessary to identify an opportunity, develop a business concept, and then manage and harvest the venture. As a process, it has applicability to organizations of all sizes and types. 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It requires systematic measurement of a company’s performance as entrepreneur and innovator, and built-in learning to improve performance Entrepreneurial management requires specific practices with respect to organization s... Free Essays on Entrepreneur Free Essays on Entrepreneur Entrepreneurial leadership is very crucial to an individual and to a corporation’s success. Entrepreneurial firms are a major source of change and innovation. They create jobs, new tax revenues, and other transfers of money. At a time when U.S. productivity growth is lagging behind other countries, and when our large corporations are laying off workers and focusing on core businesses, entrepreneurial firms assume a more significant role; they do what large companies are not doing. Entrepreneurship is defined as â€Å"The process of creating value by bringing together a unique package of resources to exploit an opportunity.† (Fournies) The process itself consists of the set of activities necessary to identify an opportunity, develop a business concept, and then manage and harvest the venture. As a process, it has applicability to organizations of all sizes and types. The entrepreneurship construct has three underlying dimensions which consist of innovativeness or the development of novel or unique products, services or processes. It also consists of risk-taking, or willingness to pursue opportunities of having a reasonable chance of costly failure or an emphasis on persistence and creativity in overcoming obstacles until the innovative concept is fully implemented. Entrepreneurial leadership within management success for entrepreneurs requires innovation. There are several ways to achieve this according to Drucker. The following are: Entrepreneurial management first requires that the organization be made receptive to innovation and willing to perceive change as an opportunity rather than a threat. It must be organized to do the hard work of the entrepreneur and create the entrepreneurial climate. It requires systematic measurement of a company’s performance as entrepreneur and innovator, and built-in learning to improve performance Entrepreneurial management requires specific practices with respect to organization s... Free Essays on Entrepreneur Characteristics of the Entrepreneur Today’s entrepreneur is often a self-starter, a hard worker and likes to compete. Many people have these traits but aren’t entrepreneurs. So what makes a person an entrepreneur? Over the years, research and expert opinion suggest that entrepreneurs share a number of common characteristics. A good deal is known about what is required to be a successful entrepreneur. The most interesting aspect about this is what characteristics and traits make an entrepreneur successful. These characteristics and traits determine what an entrepreneur is, why people decide to become entrepreneurs, and skills that make an entrepreneur successful. Webster’s dictionary states that the entrepreneur is one who assumes the responsibility and the risk for a business operation with the expectation of making a profit (Guralnik 205). The entrepreneur generally decides on the product, acquires the facilities, and brings together the labour force, capital, and production materials. If the business succeeds, the entrepreneur reaps the rewards of profits; if it fails, he takes the loss. Being a self-starter often means being the prime mover for getting things done on a daily basis. They’re patient, experienced, and self-controlled, and they have great integrity. You can always rely on an entrepreneur to do what he says (Ginsberg 13). Many believe that this is the single most important characteristic of an entrepreneur. A business owner must have drive and initiative in order to succeed in their market. Most important is a single-minded drive to be successful. Money is important but only used as a way of keeping score. Being your own boss is a major desire for being in business fro yourself. The most persuasive characteristic of entrepreneurs is that they don’t like to work for someone else. Typically, the entrepreneur is between 27 and 34, and is male (Silver 27). When trapped in a large org...

Challenges of E Commerce to Traditional Contracts

Challenges of E Commerce to Traditional Contracts Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . Challenges of E Commerce to Traditional Contracts As Information Communication Technologies progresses so do new media technologies such as the internet. Many individuals and businesses have moved towards such means as an opportunity for expansion in commerce.   [ 1 ]   This new path of business has been referred to as E-Commerce. It is defined as any business transaction that has been negotiated over an online system and where the parties interact electronically rather than by physical exchange or contact.   [ 2 ]   Due to this ICT revolution, information held by businesses can now be accessed by a wider group of people due to the availability of the internet. The principles of Contract law that governs online transactions continues to progress as businesses that are based online change and grow. Agreements can be as simple as clicking on a box to agree to purchase terms, or complex contracts covering intellectual property or consumer privacy.   [ 3 ]   As it continues to grow, e-commerce maintains its roots in traditional contract law however, as a result of the old and new complexity there are some challenges that e-commerce poses to the traditional model such as issues regarding offer and acceptance, jurisprudence and globilisation, state of mind and enforceability of electronic contracts as opposed to the traditional model of contract. OFFER AND ACCEPTANCE The basic concept of effective communication in contract formation is the concept of offer and acceptance.   [ 4 ]   E-commerce poses a major problem in relation to this issue. It is important to identify the offer and acceptance because they fix the precise time and place of the agreement, thus determining which jurisdiction is relevant.   [ 5 ]    Often in e-commerce transactions between parties never meet each other face to face. This is an immediate issue and challenge to the traditional form of contract as it makes it difficult to ensure the parties act lawfully and that the tra nsaction itself is legal and has undergone the steps necessary to regard it a contract.   [ 6 ]   When speaking of bilateral contracts, an offer is a clear statement of the terms in which a person (the offeror) promises to be bound and the other party (offeree) accepts the offer and it is through acceptance of this offer that a contract is created.   [ 7 ]   On the internet, it is difficult to determine whether a webpage is considered an offer or an invitation to treat. However, The Electronic Transaction Act however, in s14 states that a message is deemed sent under s14(1) when it ‘enters a single information system outside the control of the originator’ thus is deemed sent.   [ 8 ]    The words used in an online offer can often be considered misleading, and different legal systems may have different approaches to these problems. An acceptance is a final unqualified agreement to the terms of the offer.   [ 9 ]   Generally, it must be communicated to the offeror and the parties are free to vary by agreement.   [ 10 ]   E-mail is a common method of acceptance in ecommerce environment. Acceptance of an offer becomes effective at the moment the indication of assent by the offeree reaches the offeror.   [ 11 ]   Whilst E-mail is a common method of acceptance in the e-commerce it proves to be problematic. The ‘Postal Acceptance Rule’ states that when parties have agreed to transact a deal by post, the contract is deemed concluded when the letter of acceptance to the offeror is posted by the offere whether the offeree gets it or not. This rule does not apply to e-commerce. The Electronic Transactions Act 1999 (Cth) deems a message received under s14(3) when ‘the electronic communication enters [the addressee’s] information system’   [ 12 ]

Quality Management and Continuous Improvement Uni 1 DB SA Second Week Essay

Quality Management and Continuous Improvement Uni 1 DB SA Second Week - Essay Example ention costs the hotel should capitalize on training staff on using the hotel system reducing lead times, check in and out process times making the hotel efficient. For internal failure costs the hotel should ensure all the room services have met the quality requirements and are readily available at customer change requests. This effectively reduces lead time process and reduces time during change requests process. For external costs the hotel should ensure the all the services are available at check- in and out times. To determine the cost of quality for Hotel Escargo it’s important to use the metrics such check in and out times, change request process times and customer satisfaction. Examples of cost of quality under appraisal include a suggestion box cost for customers to give feedback on services received. For prevention costs include training and education of staff for technical use of hotel systems (Shelton, 2014). For internal failure costs include equipment and system failure costs to meet systems failures effectively. For external cost include complaints cost to timely deal with customer

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McDonalds customer service and training model Essay

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