Gay and Lesbian Theater

â€Å"Gay and Lesbian Theater† Gay and Lesbian themes were introduced into the theater before the 1960s. Long before homosexual characters were seen in American plays on a regular basis, there were isolated incidents when a gay or lesbian appeared in the plot; they were called freaks when doing so. Many people were often offended by homosexuality. Cross dressing was used in performances that raised concerns about sexual and gender roles: men dressed in drag and women wore men clothing. Festivals were used to educate and entertain audiences.The theater festival was introduced to spread awareness on issues, themes, and problems that deals with gay and lesbian lifestyles in the theater. Edward Albee, William Inge, and Tennessee Williams all introduced works in the mainstream. The mainstream theatre is embracing theatre with Gay and Lesbian themes. Sometimes the move forward is furiously examined by Gays and Lesbians, like for the various performances of straight Vivienne Laxdal à ¢â‚¬Ëœs Karla and Grif. Many gays and lesbians found it offensive for its stereotypical lesbian characters and others found it refreshing for its depiction of the fluidity of sexuality.Other works such as The Boys in the Band has been successful at bringing out this sexuality. In 1980 a play as such was proven to be enjoyable and considered a new kind of play. Dealing with issues of gays is being expressed more often. In certain dramas, lifestyles of gays and lesbians were forthrightly presented. A sense of urgency was engendered by the AIDS crisis and gay rights as another concerned issue. Viewing a play like this myself tells me that it’s very true. Many people came out to see La Cage Aux Folles when I believed it would not be interesting or crowded.Other people know if actors are gay, lesbian, or bisexual, but few people would disagree that the theater world is friendly toward a variety of nonconformist than most professional fields. Same-sex love has been associated with acting for over 2000 years in the west during Roman times. It has been said that these types of relationships are accepted in this type of profession because it’s considered the least respectful environment. Viewers are less likely to accept same-sex lovers than the company who hires them.The text stated that gay, lesbian, and bisexual actors support the Queer Theory considers the â€Å"performative† nature of gender: the idea that gender â€Å"identity† is actually nothing more than a â€Å"role† actor learns to do what’s necessary. Actors may be more skilled at their role with this type of experiment and not be judged by society, if that statement is true. Living double lives in the theater wasn’t very hard to do. Publicist often manipulated the media making easier for actors to do so. Actors such as Montgomery Clift, James Dean, Greta Garbo, Cary Grant, and Randolph Scott lived these constricted lives.The text stated that 29 percent of Am ericans would be â€Å"less interested† in seeing their favorite actor perform in a movie or TV show if they learned that he or she was â€Å"gay† in 1995. Many actors who were gay often didn’t want their named linked to anything they choose to provide to the media. Gay and lesbian actors are more seen in films and on stage a lot more today. Sexuality is still a question rather it should be should treated as heterosexuals would still remains. You can enjoy an ordinary film the same you would a film with homosexuals. As I stated early I’ve viewed a play with men dressed in drag as well as men dating women in a play.Their acting skills are just the same. Who or how they choose to live their personal lives doesn’t affect their acting skills. Some viewers still don’t agree with it along with critic but it’s amongst our society within all cultures. Bibliography Hischak, Gerald Bordman and Thomas S. â€Å"Gay and Lesbian Theatre in America . † 2004. The Oxford Companion to America Theater. 20 April 2010 ;http://www. encyclopedia. com;. ;. Hudson, Steve Hogan and Lee. Completely Queer: The Gay and Lesbian Encyclopedia. Markham: Henry Holt and Company Inc. , 1998. Wilson, Edwin. The Theatre Experience. 11th. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009.

Commonly Used Heuristics in Resources Allocation Essay

Commonly Used Heuristics in Resources Allocation - Essay Example Most commonly used models for program scheduling and planning do take into consideration the problem of availability of resources, even though many essential resources are limited and restrain the activities of scheduling that need them. The SPARTAN, which is a computer model that is programmed in the FORTRAN IV, is specifically designed for addressing the problem of the evaluation of alternative weapon systems of proposal with limited resources. RTRAN IV, is specially designed to address the problem of evaluating alternative weapon system proposals given limited resources (Pearl 36). Scheduling or heuristics principles adjust the basic computer program to enhance the utilization of the resources that are available or even reduce the length of the schedule. A model that is resource-restrained can produce more realistic completion dates and costs, together with different choices among the strategies of development, than one that assumes the unlimited resources. A hybrid heuristic rule for the constrained resource allocation A project usually consists of some activities that are to be processed. These activities have interrelationships by two types of restraints. The precedence restraints force every activity to be commenced before even its entire immediate antecedent activities that are contained in the set are over. The second one which is the performance of the activities needs resources which are renewable with deterministic capacities that are limited at any point of decision (Pearl 36). Where there are renewable resources, the duration of activities is resource driven; that is the duration of activities are random variables that are independent continuous; and preemption is not permitted (Russell 57). However, the problem’s objective is the practicable sequence for the activities of the project such that the make-span of the project is minimized. This matter is a classical job shop scheduling issue’s generalizations and falls in the category o f NP-hard optimization matters. Therefore, the procedures of heuristic solution are requisite in the solving of cases of large problems as they normally appear in the practical cases. Nonetheless, since the year 1963 when a schedule generation scheme was introduced by Kelley, there have been suggestions of several heuristic algorithms in the literature review (Russell 93). Despite this shortcoming, the procedures of heuristic are used very extensively in practice. Period Minimization Routine The Period Minimization Routine (PMR) is a procedure of resource allocation that determines the minimum possible value of ? for a particular resource allocation and a particular level of stochastic robustness (Pearl 39). The stochastic robustness metric For any given allocation of resources, the stochastic robustness metric quantitatively determines the possibility that the total time that is required for the processing of a data will not be more than the period between the arriving

Russian Marketplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Russian Marketplace - Essay Example The positive side to the bakery/coffee market is it is a growing market in Russia. For an American keen on establishing bakery/coffee outlet in Russia, the difficulties may not be more than what you may encounter in any other growing economy. The distribution system in Russia does not appear to be well-organized and there are queues to make most purchases. The trend is changing with budding entrepreneurs coming up with marketing skills that, given the political nod, could easily upset the lethargic traditional system (Smilor, Ray; 2002). There are encouraging signs for anyone in America considering an entry into the bakery/coffee market in Russia. There is enormous potential for growth in this market. The annual per capita consumption of coffee in Russia is 500 gm as compared to 12 kg in neighbouring Scandinavian countries (Nestl to start coffee processing in Russia, 2004). Statistics are not available for bakery items which comprise large range of products comprising cakes, bread, biscuits, and other savouries. However, there is the eagerness to taste new assortment of baked items. There are also trade fairs and exhibitions for bakery items. So it should not be difficult for American entrepreneurs to participate in these fairs and exhibitions and glean information for starting bakery outlets in cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg to begin with (Event Profile, 2010) This does not mean that starting a bakery in Russia is a cakewalk. There are going to be difficulties and obstacles in the form of competition as well as other unknown problems. The iron curtain may not exist any longer. However, Russia is still going through teething problems and the transition to a free market is experiencing a pull between traditional radicals and budding entrepreneurs (Smilor, Ray; 2002). You got to stick to the budding entrepreneurs. While on the subject of bakeries, it is pertinent to make mention of Fazer's successful operations in Russia. "Fazer is one of Russia's leading bakery companies. During the past three years, Fazer's bakery operations in Russia have grown at an average rate of ca 40 per cent annually, and today they constitute 14 per cent of the Group's turnover. Fazer has during the past ten years invested ca 130 M in its operations in Russia and the Group's four bakeries in Russia employ 3 500 people. Fazer is a leading contract catering company in the Nordic and the Baltic countries, offering customers delicious food and tailor-made service solutions. The company operates in the Nordic countries, Estonia, Latvia and Russia." (Fazer's

Comprehension strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comprehension strategies - Essay Example Helping students to comprehend narrative, expository and poetic texts is a challenge that faces all teachers. Regardless of subject or grade level, all teachers are teachers of reading. Many comprehension strategies have been developed over the past three decades.While all can be applied to any of these three types of texts, some seem to naturally go with one more than another.Choosing â€Å"the best† for each one is not really possible, because teacher personality, state standards and concerns such as class size and student grouping all have bearing on which comprehension strategy should be used. The three strategies in this essay have all been used to good effect by myself or one of my former teachers. A good comprehension strategy for helping students to maximize their understanding of a c narrative text is an activity called â€Å"What is it?† This is an activity where students work individually and in cooperative groups to recall the most important elements of sett ing, character and plot. Students retell portions of the narrative text to one another while listening student record important points relating to setting, character and plot. This activity utilizes graphic organizers and is facilitated by the instructor. Retelling portions of the text allows the student speaking the opportunity to give voice to their impressions and remembrances of the narrative. Students listening use the graphic organizer to write points mentioned by the speaker. Each student in the group takes a turn adding to the growing list of setting, character and plot elements

LAW2112 European Single Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

LAW2112 European Single Market - Essay Example However, under Regulation (EEC) No 1612/68 issued on October 15 1968 on freedom of movement, which renders inapplicable statutory, administrative and regulatory provisions that have the effect of limiting the employment of nationals of other Member States and are not applicable to its own citizens or even if applicable but has the chief aim of hindering the employment of the nationals of other Member States, linguistic requirements are held exempted. Put differently, a Member State may require workers from other Member States certain linguistic competence if the same â€Å"is required by reason of the nature of the post† (Article 3 s[1]) without violating the rule on national discrimination. If Greta is going to teach music within UK providing music lessons to students eight hours a week, she has the right to enjoy freedom of residence albeit temporarily under the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU as a person providing services of profession. Under Article 56 of the said Treaty on the right of establishment, EU citizens have the right to provide services anywhere within the EU even beyond their respective national borders. Services under the Treaty context may refer to either one of the following: activities of an industrial character; activities of a commercial character; activities of craftsmen, and; activities of the professions (Article 57, Treaty on the Functioning of the EU). Greta may come within the ambit of one giving services involving activities of the music profession. Costas cannot be rejected on the ground that being a postman is an â€Å"employment of public service† because it does not entail an exercise, directly or indirectly, of public power or the protection of the interest of the state. Under the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU, the freedom of movement of workers from one Member State to other Member States within the EU is not applicable to public service employment. Article 45, s (d) specifically states that

A Simple Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Simple Plan - Essay Example At the beginning of the story, Hank Mitchel in the company of his brother Jacob and Jacob’s friend called Lou are in Jacob’s truck. â€Å"†¦, Howdy, Hank," he said, grinning. Jacob smiled at me from behind the wheel. His dog, a big, overgrown mutt, mostly German shepherd, but with some Labrador thrown in on top, was in the back. It was a male dog, but Jacob had named him Mary Beth, after a girl hed dated in high school, his first and only girlfriend. He referred to him as a "she," too, as if the dogs name had blinded him to his gender. I climbed in, Lou pulled himself up behind me, and we backed our way down my driveway to the street.† (p. 4). A fox crosses their path, and the three of them decide to chase after it. The fox leads them to discovering a plane that had crashed into the woods. Upon scrutinizing and checking the plane, they find a dead pilot and a bag of money. The three of them decide to keep the money and share it later when there could be no m ore talk of it. The three men discovered the money together and in the event that they were to share the cash; then they should have done so in equal proportions. What followed indicated that Hank was a greedy man, especially for money First, Hank feels that the money would not be safe if they kept the whole sum. Consequently, his wife advises him to take some of the money back to the plane. They hope that that would help them to waylay suspicion. While back in the woods, Hank kills a Mr. Pederson along selfish lines. He knew within him that Mr. Pederson would spill the secret to the public. Hank wanted to escape liability of having killed a person, so he sets up Lou by blackmailing him using the money. After Lou discovers Hank’s intention, he becomes agitated and engages in fuss with him prompting Jacob to kill Lou. â€Å"†¦He didnt finish his sentence. There was an explosion behind me, a flash of blue light followed instantly by a sense of movement over my left shoulder. I

War on terror Essay Example for Free

War on terror Essay The statement, â€Å"One man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter,† has become a great obstacle in war on terror. In the struggle against terrorism, the problem of definition is a crucial element in the attempt to coordinate international collaboration, based on the currently accepted rules of traditional warfare. Due to that reason the herein literature review includes a work which deals with the legal issues related to terrorism. The relevance of works related to the direct war on terror to this review is obvious. In particular this review includes the works dedicated to the general outline and principals of the study of terrorist organizations as well as works dealing with the study of financial activity of terrorist organizations. The first work under review is the book Terrorism and Organized Hate Crime: Intelligence Gathering, Analysis, and Investigations by Michael R. Mpa Ronczkowski. (2004) Material in this book can provide personnel of different services with an understanding and approach for gathering intelligence and conducting analysis on terrorism-related matters. For me personally this work is valuable due to its clear classification of terror activity. The author distinguishes the following types of terrorists’ activity: Political terrorism, Ecological terrorism, Agricultural terrorism, Narco terrorism, Biological terrorism, and Cyber terrorism. Besides the author defines and presents the peculiarities of each of the type. The important element of the work is that it describes the history and roots of modern terrorism. The book is also distinguished by the wide scope it covers, it doesn’t limit only to the terrorism in the Asia but also deals with domestic terrorism. In case with the USA the author claims that evolution of domestic terrorism, organized groups such as gangs and crime families have a long-standing presence in the U. S. The genesis of domestic terrorism lays in hate. And finally the author suggests the way to distinguish common criminal actions from terror. The criminal group with clear hierarchal structure is a distinguishing feature of terrorism. The article Terrorism, Counterterrorism and International Law examines terrorism and counterterrorism from the point of view of international law. The work highlights the legal vagueness of the notion of terrorism. Thus this work continues an issue discussed in the previous work. The author poses the two disputable questions one in the context of Israel/Palestine: â€Å"Israelis call suicide bombers a terrorist Palestinians call them a martyr. Who is right? † and another one â€Å"Why is the attack on the Twin Towers called terrorism, while the bombing of a hospital in Kabul is not? † International law appears to be unable to give a clear response to these questions. Nevertheless, the author observes that according to the up-to-date situation with international law in certain cases it can identify terrorism. So, the taking of a hostage for the purpose of obtaining the liberation of a political prisoner fits the definition of a terrorist act. The same crime committed solely for the payment of ransom does not. The hijacking of the four planes on September 11 was a megaterrorist act. It is questionable; however, whether the hijacking of a plane bound for Florida to enable the hijacker to land in Cuba fits the general view of terrorism. The search for appropriate methods of fighting terrorism must necessarily include the understanding of the motives that guide the terrorists in their actions. The article Understanding, Responding to and Preventing Terrorism makes an attempt to explain the roots for the terrorism directed at the United States, and the rage that fuelled the attackers on September 11. The author defines the most significant among the reasons that cause such violent attitude towards American nation. Thus he points to the globalization of poverty, Washingtons continued support for Israels treatment of the Palestinians, U. S. bombing and sponsorship of the devastating economic sanctions against Iraq, and the alliance between the United States and Arab monarchies such as Saudi Arabia, where the U. S. maintains a significant military presence. Analysing causes of terror he differentiates certain types of terrorism such as individual terrorism; International State terrorism; State regime or Government terror and some others. However, the author does not focus solely on the faults of the nations that generate terrorist groups but claims the responsibility for the United States bombing of Afghanistan and Israels massacre of the Palestinians which violated international law as well as questions lawfulness of an invasion of Iraq. Finally, this work offers useful suggestions, in the context of international law, for creating peaceful alternatives to respond to terrorism and to deter it in the future. The next work under revision is the journal article State Terrorism and Globalization: The Cases of Ethiopia and Sudan by Asafa Jalata. The article scrutinizes the essence of state terrorism in Ethiopia and Sudan in regional and global contexts. Nowadays Ethiopian and Sudanese states have been formed, consolidated, and maintained by state terrorism and global connections. The Ethiopian state was created by the alliance of Abyssinian (Amhara-Tigray) dependent colonialism and European imperialism, and the Sudanese state by British colonialism known as the Anglo-Egyptian condominium. The work is significant by the study of historical background to the processes of state formation in the two countries. It also explores the global, regional, and local processes through which the modern Ethiopian and Sudanese states emerged. The examinations of connection between terrorism, globalism, and the process of racialization and ethnicization of state power may appear helpful for exploiting a rational means for fighting terrorism. Finally article is useful by its conclusion that in these two countries there can be no multicultural or multinational democracy, peace, stability, or development without removing the conditions that have facilitated external dependency and domestic terrorism. The September 11 attacks constitute a virtually unprecedented threat to security of the modern society and way of life. The attacks have thus evoked a natural demand both for retribution and for measures to keep people safe. The article The Death Penalty an Obstacle to the War against Terrorism? by Thomas Michael McDonnell deals with a fundamental question, namely, whether, as a matter of law and policy, the federal government should use the death penalty against those found to have been involved in the September 11 attacks, in particular, and, more broadly, against those who belong to or have allied themselves with al Qaeda. Meting out the death penalty to international terrorists involves difficult moral, legal, and policy questions. The September 11 crimes were not only domestic crimes, but also international ones. Yet most countries in the world have abolished capital punishment. None of the four currently operating international criminal tribunals is authorized to impose a death sentence. In addition, the advent of the suicide bomber turns the deterrence justification for the death penalty inside out. Might the death penalty help create martyrs rather than discourage similar attacks? Could the imposing the death penalty increase support in the Islamic world for al Qaeda and other extremist groups? These are the question the author raises in this work. The article examines these questions in the context of the Zacarias Moussaoui case, the supposed twentieth hijacker, who, on September 11, 2001, had been held in custody for twenty-six days. It mostly deals with criminal liability imposed not on the actual perpetrators, but on accomplices and co-conspirators, secondary rather than primary actors, discusses current American law and supports the idea of death penalty as one of possible way to prevent or at least impede terrorism. And the last work under consideration is the article by Zachary Abuza Funding Terrorism in Southeast Asia: The Financial Network of Al Qaeda and Jemaah Islamiya. The author here points out to one of the most influential factor that hinders the war on terrorism as a financing of terrorist organization. Thus he asserts that mechanisms for funding terrorism have continued unabated in Southeast Asia, and to date no terrorist assets or funds have been seized in the region. The knowledge of the financial aspects of terrorists’ activity may considerably accelerate the solution of this painful problem. For example, Al Qaedas financial basis was built on a foundation of charities, non-governmental organizations, mosques, websites, fund-raisers, intermediaries, facilitators, and banks and other financial institutions that helped finance the mujiheddin throughout the 1980s. This network extended to all corners of the Muslim world. The goal of counter-terrorism is to constrict the environment in which terrorists operate and their logistical and financial support networks is one of the most important elements of this environment. This will restrict terrorists’ means to travel, communicate, procure equipment and conduct attacks. This is, as the author suggests, arguably the most difficult part of the war on terror, as terrorist organizations use myriad ways to fund their operations, legal and illegal, overt and covert, with paper trails or without. He finally arrives to the conclusion that tracking this funding has to become a priority for law enforcement or counter-terrorist officials. To assist this investigation he provides with comprehensive account of the way such organizations like Jemaah Islamiya, Al Qaeda get financed. To conclude this critical bibliography I’d like to note that international law is still unable to give a well-defined, clear definition of terrorism. Thus basing only on the international law it is impossible to win the war on terrorism. This war demands the use of such notions as universal human values and justice which are considerably wider than any law and what is more at some circumstances contradict law. But only incorporation of human aspect into the legal process can help to defeat terrorism. Bibliography RONCZKOWSKI, Michael R. Mpa Terrorism and Organized Hate Crime: Intelligence Gathering, Analysis, and Investigations. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 2004. WEISS, Peter. Terrorism, Counterterrorism and International Law. Arab Studies Quarterly. : 2002: 11+ COHN, Marjorie. Understanding, Responding to and Preventing Terrorism. Arab Studies Quarterly. 2002: 25+ JALATA, Asafa. State Terrorism and Globalization: The Cases of Ethiopia and Sudan. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 46 (1-2): 2005: 79+ MCDONNELL, Thomas Michael. The Death Penalty an Obstacle to the War against Terrorism? Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 37 (2): 2004: 353+ ABUZA, Zachary. Funding Terrorism in Southeast Asia: The Financial Network of Al Qaeda and Jemaah Islamiya. Contemporary Southeast Asia. 25 (2): 2003: 169+ Retrieved April 04, 2006 from http://www. asiamedia. ucla. edu/article. asp? parentid=7520